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Periodontics

Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

Gum disease affects the gums and bone that support your teeth. It can cause inflammation, tooth loss, and bone damage. The problem starts when bacteria in plaque (a sticky film on teeth) inflames the gums.

Risk Factors

  • Smoking or chewing tobacco
  • Stress
  • Genetics
  • Pregnancy
  • Certain medications
  • Diabetes
  • Poor nutrition

Types of Gum Disease

  • Gingivitis: Mild inflammation, red/swollen gums, easy bleeding; usually painless and reversible with good oral hygiene.
  • Aggressive Periodontitis: Rapid bone loss in otherwise healthy patients.
  • Chronic Periodontitis: Slow progression, common in adults; causes gum recession and pockets.

Prevention

  • Brush and floss daily
  • Professional dental cleanings every six months
  • Maintain good oral hygiene habits

Treatment

  • Non-surgical treatments are tried first.
  • If teeth are lost, dental implants are an option for permanent replacement.
  • Surgery may be needed, such as:
    • Pocket reduction
    • Soft tissue grafts
    • Bone regeneration